Report Code : CVMI2501267 | Published Date : March 3, 2025

1 | Market Overview

Photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) coatings are specialized polymers that respond to UV exposure, enabling them to be patterned using photolithographic processes. These coatings combine the high thermal stability and chemical resistance of traditional polyimides with the processability of photoresists, rendering them highly suitable for advanced semiconductor packaging, flexible electronics, display panels, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).

As semiconductor geometries shrink and packaging complexity increases, PSPI materials are increasingly utilized in redistribution layers (RDL), passivation coatings, stress buffers, and insulation layers for flip-chip and wafer-level packaging. Their application is crucial in high-performance, space-constrained, and thermally demanding electronic environments.

 

2 | Market Size and Forecast

Year

Market Value (USD Million)

Notes

2019

460

Used mainly in IC packaging and displays

2024

610

CAGR 5.8% (2019–2024)

2031

1,180

Projected CAGR 9.8% (2024–2031)

 

3 | Primary Market Drivers

  • Growth of 5G, AI, and high-performance computing chips
  • Expansion of fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP)
  • Use of PSPI in flexible and foldable display devices
  • Increasing demand for thermal, chemical, and mechanical resilience in microdevices

 

4 | Market Challenges

  • Complex processing requirements compared to standard photoresists
  • High material and process qualification costs
  • Limitations in mechanical flexibility for extreme bend applications
  • Limited number of global suppliers

 

5 | Competitive Landscape

Company

Est. 2024 Share

Competitive Strengths

Recent Move

Toray Industries

22%

PSPI for RDL and wafer-level encapsulation

Developed ultra-thin low-cure-temperature PSPI for AI processors

Fujifilm Electronic Materials

18%

Advanced PSPI for display and MEMS

Launched bendable PSPI for OLED foldables

Hitachi Chemical (Showa Denko)

14%

Known for buffer coat PSPI for image sensors

Expanded into 5G chip insulation solutions

DuPont Electronics

12%

Multilayer PSPI for flip-chip and 3D ICs

Introduced dual-function stress buffer and protective PSPI

Others

34%

Regional fabs and display specialists

Developing display, sensor, and wearable device applications

 

6 | Market Segmentation

By Type

  • Negative-Tone PSPI
  • Positive-Tone PSPI
  • Dual-Function PSPI
  • Low-Cure PSPI

 

By Application

  • Semiconductor Packaging (RDL, Passivation) – 42%
  • Displays (OLED, Flexible, Foldable) – XX%
  • MEMS and Sensor Coatings – XX%
  • Printed Electronics – XX%
  • Others – XX%

 

7 | Regional Analysis

  • Asia-Pacific (59%) – Semiconductor and display dominance in South Korea, Taiwan, China
  • North America (XX%) – R&D focus and packaging innovation in the US
  • Europe (XX%) – Growth in MEMS and sensor systems
  • Latin America (XX%) – Limited R&D and device assembly growth
  • Middle East & Africa (XX%) – Emerging opportunities in defense and automotive electronics

 

8 | Technology and Innovation

  • Ultra-thin PSPI coatings for stacked die and 3D ICs
  • Dual-function coatings combining stress relief and insulation
  • Bendable PSPI materials for curved and foldable displays
  • PSPI formulations with enhanced UV sensitivity for better resolution
  • Green PSPI systems with reduced outgassing and low-temperature curing

 

9 | Regulatory Environment

Compliant with RoHS, REACH, and SEMI industry standards, electronic-grade PSPI must meet low metal contamination, dielectric performance, and thermal endurance requirements. Cleanroom packaging and traceability protocols are required for global fabs.

 

10 | Recent Developments (Q4 2023 – Q2 2025)

  • Q4 2023 – Toray introduced PSPI for 7nm AI packaging solutions
  • Q1 2024 – Fujifilm launched bendable polyimide for foldable phone panels
  • Q4 2024 – DuPont released dual-insulating and stress-buffer PSPI for 3D ICs
  • Q2 2025 – Hitachi developed PSPI coatings for advanced CMOS image sensors

 

11 | Strategic Outlook

As demand for advanced packaging and flexible electronics continues to rise, photosensitive polyimide coatings are becoming indispensable in semiconductor and display fabrication. Material suppliers must balance flexibility, resolution, thermal durability, and ease of integration to support evolving customer needs. Collaborative development with foundries, OSATs, and panel manufacturers will unlock long-term growth.

 

12 | Methodology

Forecasts developed from models of photoresist and polyimide usage, alongside over 90 interviews with OSAT engineers and display manufacturers, as well as an analysis of PSPI material shipment trends. Adjusted for FOWLP adoption, foldable device penetration, and the rollout of 3D IC.





Reasons To Buy

Image



Scope

Image

  • Key Players

  • Ube Industries
  • Toray Industries
  • Mitsubishi Gas Chemical
  • DuPont
  • HD MicroSystems
  • Asahi Kasei
  • Fujifilm Electronic Materials
  • Kolon Industries
  • SKC Co., Ltd.
  • Chang Chun Group
  • Everlight Chemical
  • Kumho Petrochemical
  • SK Materials
  • Hitachi Chemical
  • Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd

Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Report


  1. 1. Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Research Report
    1. 1.1 Study Objectives
    2. 1.2 Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market - Overview
    3. 1.3 Reason to Read This Report
    4. 1.4 Methodology and Forecast Analysis
  2. 2. Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Research Report - Preface
    1. 2.1 Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Research Report – Detailed Scope and Definitions
      1. 2.1.1 By Type
      2. 2.1.2 By Application
      3. 2.1.3 By Region
  3. 3. Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Dynamics
    1. 3.1. Drivers - Macro-Economic Based, Supply Side, and Demand Side Drivers
    2. 3.2. Restraints – By Type, By Application, By Country
    3. 3.3. Opportunities – By Type, By Application, By Country
    4. 3.4. Trends – By Type, By Application, By Country
    5. 3.5. PEST Analysis
    6. 3.6. Porters Five Rule Analysis
    7. 3.7. Company’s Share Analysis (CSA) by Region or By Country
    8. 3.8. Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Research Report – DROTs Impact Analysis
    1. 4. Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Research Report, Historic Data 2019 - 2023 and Forecast Analysis Data 2024 - 2031
    2. 4.1. Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    3. 4.2. Annual Market Trend Assessment – Year-on-Year (YoY) Growth Analysis (%)
    4. 4.3. Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031
    5. 4.4. Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
  1. 5. Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market, By Type, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 5.1 Negative-Tone PSPI
    2. 5.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    3. 5.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    4. 5.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    5. 5.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. 5.2 Positive-Tone PSPI
    7. 5.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    8. 5.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    9. 5.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    10. 5.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    11. 5.3 Dual-Function PSPI
    12. 5.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    13. 5.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    14. 5.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    15. 5.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    16. 5.4 Low-Cure PSPI
    17. 5.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    18. 5.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    19. 5.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    20. 5.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market, By Application, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 6.1 Semiconductor Packaging (RDL, Passivation)
    2. 6.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    3. 6.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    4. 6.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    5. 6.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    6. 6.2 Displays (OLED, Flexible, Foldable)
    7. 6.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    8. 6.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    9. 6.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    10. 6.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    11. 6.3 MEMS and Sensor Coatings
    12. 6.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    13. 6.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    14. 6.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    15. 6.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    16. 6.4 Printed Electronics
    17. 6.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    18. 6.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    19. 6.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    20. 6.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
    21. 6.5 Others
    22. 6.5.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
    23. 6.5.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
    24. 6.5.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
    25. 6.5.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
  1. 7. Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Forecast, By Region, 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 7.1 North America
      1. 7.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      7.2 Europe
      1. 7.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      7.3 Asia-Pacific
      1. 7.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      7.4 Latin America
      1. 7.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      7.5 Middle East and Africa
      1. 7.5.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
      2. 7.5.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
      3. 7.5.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
      4. 7.5.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
      7.6 Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market - Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, and Region, 2024 - 2031
  1. 8. North America Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 8.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 8.1.1 Negative-Tone PSPI
      2. 8.1.2 Positive-Tone PSPI
      3. 8.1.3 Dual-Function PSPI
      4. 8.1.4 Low-Cure PSPI
      8.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 8.2.1 Semiconductor Packaging (RDL, Passivation)
      2. 8.2.2 Displays (OLED, Flexible, Foldable)
      3. 8.2.3 MEMS and Sensor Coatings
      4. 8.2.4 Printed Electronics
      5. 8.2.5 Others
      8.3 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 8.3.1 United States
      2. 8.3.2 Canada
    2. 8.4 North America Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, and Country, 2024 - 2031
    3. 8.5 Regional Trends Analysis
    4. 8.6 North America Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 8.6.1 Company 1 (United States)
      2. 8.6.2 Company 2 (Canada)
      3. 8.6.3 Company 3 (Canada)
    9. Europe Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 9.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.1.1 Negative-Tone PSPI
      2. 9.1.2 Positive-Tone PSPI
      3. 9.1.3 Dual-Function PSPI
      4. 9.1.4 Low-Cure PSPI
      9.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.2.1 Semiconductor Packaging (RDL, Passivation)
      2. 9.2.2 Displays (OLED, Flexible, Foldable)
      3. 9.2.3 MEMS and Sensor Coatings
      4. 9.2.4 Printed Electronics
      5. 9.2.5 Others
      9.3 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 9.3.1 Germany
      2. 9.3.2 United Kingdom
      3. 9.3.3 France
      4. 9.3.4 Spain
      5. 9.3.5 Italy
      6. 9.3.6 Russia
    2. 9.4 Europe Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, and Country, 2024 - 2031
    3. 9.5 Regional Trends Analysis
    4. 9.6 Europe Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 9.6.1 Company 1 (Germany)
      2. 9.6.2 Company 2 (United Kingdom)
      3. 9.6.3 Company 3 (United Kingdom)
    10. Asia-Pacific Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 10.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.1.1 Negative-Tone PSPI
      2. 10.1.2 Positive-Tone PSPI
      3. 10.1.3 Dual-Function PSPI
      4. 10.1.4 Low-Cure PSPI
      10.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.2.1 Semiconductor Packaging (RDL, Passivation)
      2. 10.2.2 Displays (OLED, Flexible, Foldable)
      3. 10.2.3 MEMS and Sensor Coatings
      4. 10.2.4 Printed Electronics
      5. 10.2.5 Others
      10.3 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 10.3.1 China
      2. 10.3.2 Japan
      3. 10.3.3 India
      4. 10.3.4 South Korea
      5. 10.3.5 Australia & New Zealand
      6. 10.3.6 ASEAN
    2. 10.4 Asia-Pacific Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, and Country, 2024 - 2031
    3. 10.5 Regional Trends Analysis
    4. 10.6 Asia-Pacific Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 10.6.1 Company 1 (China)
      2. 10.6.2 Company 2 (Japan)
      3. 10.6.3 Company 3 (Japan)
    11. Latin America Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 11.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.1.1 Negative-Tone PSPI
      2. 11.1.2 Positive-Tone PSPI
      3. 11.1.3 Dual-Function PSPI
      4. 11.1.4 Low-Cure PSPI
      11.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.2.1 Semiconductor Packaging (RDL, Passivation)
      2. 11.2.2 Displays (OLED, Flexible, Foldable)
      3. 11.2.3 MEMS and Sensor Coatings
      4. 11.2.4 Printed Electronics
      5. 11.2.5 Others
      11.3 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 11.3.1 Brazil
      2. 11.3.2 Mexico
      3. 11.3.3 Argentina
      4. 11.3.4 Peru
      5. 11.3.5 Colombia
      6. 11.3.6 Rest of Latin America
    2. 11.4 Latin America Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, and Country, 2024 - 2031
    3. 11.5 Regional Trends Analysis
    4. 11.6 Latin America Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 11.6.1 Company 1 (Brazil)
      2. 11.6.2 Company 2 (Mexico)
      3. 11.6.3 Company 3 (Mexico)
    12. Middle East and Africa Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Analysis, 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 (Market Value, In USD Mn)
    1. 12.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.1.1 Negative-Tone PSPI
      2. 12.1.2 Positive-Tone PSPI
      3. 12.1.3 Dual-Function PSPI
      4. 12.1.4 Low-Cure PSPI
      12.2 By Application Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.2.1 Semiconductor Packaging (RDL, Passivation)
      2. 12.2.2 Displays (OLED, Flexible, Foldable)
      3. 12.2.3 MEMS and Sensor Coatings
      4. 12.2.4 Printed Electronics
      5. 12.2.5 Others
      12.3 Country Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
      1. 12.3.1 Saudi Arabia
      2. 12.3.2 UAE
      3. 12.3.3 South Africa
      4. 12.3.4 Egypt
      5. 12.3.5 Israel
      6. 12.3.6 Rest of Middle East and Africa
    2. 12.4 Middle East and Africa Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market – Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, and Country, 2024 - 2031
    3. 12.5 Regional Trends Analysis
    4. 12.6 Middle East and Africa Photosensitive Polyimide Coatings Market Research Report - Company Profiles
      1. 12.6.1 Company 1 (Saudi Arabia)
      2. 12.6.2 Company 2 (UAE)
      3. 12.6.3 Company 3 (UAE)
    13. Competition Landscape
    1. 13.1 Strategic Dashboard of Top Market Players
    2. 13.2 Company Profiles (Introduction, Financial Assessments, Portfolio of Offerings, Milestones and Achievements, Strategic Initiative, and SWOT Analysis)
      1. 13.2.1 Ube Industries
      2. 13.2.2 Toray Industries
      3. 13.2.3 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical
      4. 13.2.4 DuPont
      5. 13.2.5 HD MicroSystems
      6. 13.2.6 Asahi Kasei
      7. 13.2.7 Fujifilm Electronic Materials
      8. 13.2.8 Kolon Industries
      9. 13.2.9 SKC Co.
      10. 13.2.10 Ltd.
      11. 13.2.11 Chang Chun Group
      12. 13.2.12 Everlight Chemical
      13. 13.2.13 Kumho Petrochemical
      14. 13.2.14 SK Materials
      15. 13.2.15 Hitachi Chemical
      16. 13.2.16 Sumitomo Bakelite Co.
      17. 13.2.17 Ltd.
  1. 14. Data Collection Method and Research Approach
  2. 15. Principal Presumptions and Acronyms