Report Code : CVMI2501133 | Published Date : March 3, 2025
The Global Leather Chemicals Market is undergoing a transformative phase, driven by changing consumer preferences, sustainability mandates, and technological advancements in leather processing. Valued at USD 7.8 billion in 2023, the market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.9%, reaching USD 12.4 billion by 2031. This comprehensive analysis examines how environmental regulations, alternative materials, and innovative chemical solutions are reshaping the landscape of the leather industry.
The market is bifurcating into two distinct trajectories: conventional leather processing chemicals facing increasing scrutiny, and eco-friendly alternatives gaining rapid adoption. This report provides detailed insights into product innovations, regional dynamics, and emerging applications that are defining the future of leather chemical solutions across automotive, fashion, and furniture sectors.
2. Market Overview
2.1 Market Definition & Scope
Leather chemicals encompass specialty formulations used in:
- Beamhouse operations (15% of total chemicals)
- Tanning processes (XX%)
- Retanning/fatliquoring (XX%)
- Finishing applications (XX%)
The market serves:
- Automotive leather (XX% share)
- Footwear (XX%)
- Furniture (XX%)
- Apparel & accessories (XX%)
2.2 Market Size & Forecast (2023-2031)
- 2023 Market Size: USD 7.8 Billion
- 2031 Projected Size: USD 12.4 Billion
- CAGR: 5.9%
- Volume Demand: 4.2 million metric tons (2023) → 6.5 million metric tons (2031)
2.3 Key Market Segments
By Product Type:
- Tanning & Dyeing Chemicals (40% share)
- Chromium-based (XX%)
- Chrome-free alternatives (XX%)
- Vegetable tanning agents (XX%)
- Beamhouse Chemicals (XX%)
- Enzymatic cleaners (growing at 12% CAGR)
- Sulfide alternatives
- Finishing Chemicals (XX%)
- Water-based polyurethanes (XX%)
- Bio-based coatings (XX%)
- Conventional finishes (XX%)
By Leather Type:
- Bovine (65%)
- Ovine (XX%)
- Porcine (XX%)
- Exotic (XX%)
- Synthetic (5%)
By Region:
- Asia-Pacific (48%)
- Europe (XX%)
- North America (XX%)
- Rest of World (XX%)
3. Market Dynamics
3.1 Market Drivers
1. Automotive Luxury Segment Growth
- Premium vehicle interiors driving 8% annual leather demand
- 45% of luxury cars specify full leather interiors
2. Sustainable Processing Mandates
- REACH/ZDHC compliance changing chemical formulations
- 30% reduction in chromium usage since 2020
3. Alternative Tanning Technologies
- Enzyme-assisted processes reducing water usage by 40%
- Metal-free tanning growing at 15% CAGR
4. Emerging Economies' Apparel Demand
- 12% annual growth in leather goods consumption
- Fast fashion requiring efficient processing chemicals
3.2 Market Challenges
1. Environmental Regulations
- Chromium VI restrictions impacting 60% of tanneries
- Zero discharge policies increasing compliance costs
2. Vegan Materials Competition
- 25% of luxury brands introducing animal-free alternatives
- PU advancements mimicking leather properties
3. Raw Material Volatility
- Hide prices fluctuating 20-30% annually
- Chemical supply chain disruptions post-pandemic
3.3 Market Trends
1. Bio-Based Chemical Solutions
- Plant-derived tanning agents gaining traction
- Microbial collagen alternatives in development
2. Water Recycling Systems
- Closed-loop processing reducing freshwater needs
- 85% water recovery in modern tanneries
3. Digital Color Matching
- AI-assisted formulation reducing dye waste
- 30% faster color development cycles
4. Competitive Landscape
4.1 Market Share Analysis
Company |
Market Share |
Key Innovations |
Strategic Focus |
Stahl Holdings |
18% |
ECOLEATHER range |
Sustainable chemistry |
Lanxess |
15% |
X-Biomer chrome-free tanning |
Automotive leather |
BASF |
12% |
Relugan Green retanning |
Circular solutions |
TFL Ledertechnik |
10% |
DermaPlus bio-finishes |
Fashion leathers |
Sisecam |
8% |
Water-based coatings |
Furniture applications |
4.2 Emerging Players
- ECCO Leather: DriTan waterless technology (40% growth)
- Leather Naturally: Promoting sustainable practices
- Biofiber: Plant-based tanning alternatives
4.3 Recent Developments (2024)
- Stahl launched 100% bio-based finishing system
- Lanxess acquired chrome-free tanning specialist
- BASF partnered with luxury brands on green leather
5. Regional Analysis
5.1 Asia-Pacific (48%)
- China/India dominate production (75% of global output)
- Vietnam emerging as sustainable processing hub
5.2 Europe (XX%)
- Italy leads in luxury leather chemicals
- Germany pioneering green technologies
5.3 North America (XX%)
- US focuses on automotive innovations
- Mexico growing as nearshoring destination
6. Future Outlook
6.1 Short-Term Projections (2025)
- 30% of tanneries to adopt chrome-free processes
- Digital passports for leather traceability
6.2 Medium-Term Outlook (2027)
- Bio-based chemicals to capture 25% market share
- Waterless tanning becoming mainstream
6.3 Long-Term Forecast (2031)
- Circular leather economy models dominant
- Lab-grown leather impacting traditional chemistry
Reasons To Buy

Scope

Key Players
- BASF SE
- Lanxess AG
- Stahl Holdings B.V.
- TFL Ledertechnik GmbH & Co. KG
- Clariant International Ltd.
Global Leather Chemicals Market Report
Global Leather Chemicals Market Report
- 1. Global Leather Chemicals Market Research Report
- 1.1 Study Objectives
- 1.2 Global Leather Chemicals Market - Overview
- 1.3 Reason to Read This Report
- 1.4 Methodology and Forecast Analysis
- 2.1 Global Leather Chemicals Market Research Report – Detailed Scope and Definitions
- 2.1.1 By Type
- 2.1.2 By Application
- 2.1.3 By End-user Industry
- 2.1.4 By Technology
- 2.1.5 By Distribution Channel
- 2.1.6 By Region
- 3.1. Drivers - Macro-Economic Based, Supply Side, and Demand Side Drivers
- 3.2. Restraints – By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, By Technology, By Distribution Channel, By Country
- 3.3. Opportunities – By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, By Technology, By Distribution Channel, By Country
- 3.4. Trends – By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, By Technology, By Distribution Channel, By Country
- 3.5. PEST Analysis
- 3.6. Porters Five Rule Analysis
- 3.7. Company’s Share Analysis (CSA) by Region or By Country
- 3.8. Global Leather Chemicals Market Research Report – DROTs Impact Analysis
- 4.1. Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 4.2. Annual Market Trend Assessment – Year-on-Year (YoY) Growth Analysis (%)
- 4.3. Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and 2024 - 2031
- 4.4. Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 5.1 Tanning Agents
- 5.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 5.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 5.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 5.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 5.2 Dyeing Agents
- 5.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 5.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 5.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 5.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 5.3 Fatliquors
- 5.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 5.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 5.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 5.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 5.4 Others
- 5.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 5.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 5.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 5.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 6.1 Footwear
- 6.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 6.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 6.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 6.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 6.2 Apparel
- 6.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 6.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 6.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 6.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 6.3 Upholstery
- 6.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 6.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 6.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 6.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 6.4 Automotive
- 6.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 6.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 6.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 6.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 6.5 Others
- 6.5.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 6.5.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 6.5.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 6.5.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 7.1 Footwear
- 7.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 7.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 7.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 7.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 7.2 Automotive
- 7.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 7.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 7.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 7.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 7.3 Textiles
- 7.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 7.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 7.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 7.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 7.4 Leather
- 7.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 7.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 7.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 7.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 8.1 Chemical-based
- 8.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 8.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 8.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 8.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 8.2 Enzyme-based
- 8.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 8.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 8.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 8.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 9.1 OEM
- 9.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 9.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 9.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 9.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 9.2 Retailers
- 9.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 9.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 9.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 9.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 9.3 Direct Sales.
- 9.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 9.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 9.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 9.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 10.1 North America
- 10.1.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 10.1.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 10.1.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 10.1.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 10.2 Europe
- 10.2.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 10.2.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 10.2.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 10.2.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 10.3 Asia-Pacific
- 10.3.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 10.3.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 10.3.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 10.3.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 10.4 Latin America
- 10.4.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 10.4.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 10.4.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 10.4.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 10.5 Middle East & Africa
- 10.5.1 Market Performance Review & Future Outlook: Assessing 2019 - 2023 and Predicting 2024 - 2031 Trends (USD Millions)
- 10.5.2 Annual Market Trend Assessment – Yearly Growth Observation (Y-O-Y)(%)
- 10.5.3 Incremental Market Value/Volume Opportunity between 2019 - 2023 and From 2024 to 2031
- 10.5.4 Market Shares Analysis in Years - 2019, 2023, 2024 and 2031
- 10.6 Global Leather Chemicals Market - Opportunity Analysis Index, By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, By Technology, By Distribution Channel, and Region, 2024 - 2031
- 11.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
- 11.1.1 Tanning Agents
- 11.1.2 Dyeing Agents
- 11.1.3 Fatliquors
- 11.1.4 Others
- 11.2.1 Footwear
- 11.2.2 Apparel
- 11.2.3 Upholstery
- 11.2.4 Automotive
- 11.2.5 Others
- 11.3.1 Footwear
- 11.3.2 Automotive
- 11.3.3 Textiles
- 11.3.4 Leather
- 11.4.1 Chemical-based
- 11.4.2 Enzyme-based
- 11.5.1 OEM
- 11.5.2 Retailers
- 11.5.3 Direct Sales.
- 11.6.1 United States
- 11.6.2 Canada
11.8 Regional Trends Analysis
11.9 North America Global Leather Chemicals Market Research Report - Company Profiles- 11.9.1 Company 1 (United States)
- 11.9.2 Company 2 (Canada)
- 11.9.3 Company 3 (Canada)
- 12.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
- 12.1.1 Tanning Agents
- 12.1.2 Dyeing Agents
- 12.1.3 Fatliquors
- 12.1.4 Others
- 12.2.1 Footwear
- 12.2.2 Apparel
- 12.2.3 Upholstery
- 12.2.4 Automotive
- 12.2.5 Others
- 12.3.1 Footwear
- 12.3.2 Automotive
- 12.3.3 Textiles
- 12.3.4 Leather
- 12.4.1 Chemical-based
- 12.4.2 Enzyme-based
- 12.5.1 OEM
- 12.5.2 Retailers
- 12.5.3 Direct Sales.
- 12.6.1 Germany
- 12.6.2 United Kingdom
- 12.6.3 France
- 12.6.4 Spain
- 12.6.5 Italy
- 12.6.6 Russia
- 12.6.7 Netherlands
- 12.6.8 Poland
- 12.6.9 Rest of Europe
12.8 Regional Trends Analysis
12.9 Europe Global Leather Chemicals Market Research Report - Company Profiles- 12.9.1 Company 1 (Germany)
- 12.9.2 Company 2 (United Kingdom)
- 12.9.3 Company 3 (United Kingdom)
- 13.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
- 13.1.1 Tanning Agents
- 13.1.2 Dyeing Agents
- 13.1.3 Fatliquors
- 13.1.4 Others
- 13.2.1 Footwear
- 13.2.2 Apparel
- 13.2.3 Upholstery
- 13.2.4 Automotive
- 13.2.5 Others
- 13.3.1 Footwear
- 13.3.2 Automotive
- 13.3.3 Textiles
- 13.3.4 Leather
- 13.4.1 Chemical-based
- 13.4.2 Enzyme-based
- 13.5.1 OEM
- 13.5.2 Retailers
- 13.5.3 Direct Sales.
- 13.6.1 China
- 13.6.2 Japan
- 13.6.3 India
- 13.6.4 South Korea
- 13.6.5 Australia & NZ
- 13.6.6 ASEAN
- 13.6.7 Rest of Asia-Pacific
13.8 Regional Trends Analysis
13.9 Asia-Pacific Global Leather Chemicals Market Research Report - Company Profiles- 13.9.1 Company 1 (China)
- 13.9.2 Company 2 (Japan)
- 13.9.3 Company 3 (Japan)
- 14.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
- 14.1.1 Tanning Agents
- 14.1.2 Dyeing Agents
- 14.1.3 Fatliquors
- 14.1.4 Others
- 14.2.1 Footwear
- 14.2.2 Apparel
- 14.2.3 Upholstery
- 14.2.4 Automotive
- 14.2.5 Others
- 14.3.1 Footwear
- 14.3.2 Automotive
- 14.3.3 Textiles
- 14.3.4 Leather
- 14.4.1 Chemical-based
- 14.4.2 Enzyme-based
- 14.5.1 OEM
- 14.5.2 Retailers
- 14.5.3 Direct Sales.
- 14.6.1 Brazil
- 14.6.2 Mexico
- 14.6.3 Argentina
- 14.6.4 Peru
- 14.6.5 Colombia
- 14.6.6 Rest of Latin America
14.8 Regional Trends Analysis
14.9 Latin America Global Leather Chemicals Market Research Report - Company Profiles- 14.9.1 Company 1 (Brazil)
- 14.9.2 Company 2 (Mexico)
- 14.9.3 Company 3 (Mexico)
- 15.1 By Type Analysis 2019 - 2023 and Forecast, 2024 - 2031 by Market Assessment (USD Mn), Yearly Growth Rate (%), and Market Presence (%)
- 15.1.1 Tanning Agents
- 15.1.2 Dyeing Agents
- 15.1.3 Fatliquors
- 15.1.4 Others
- 15.2.1 Footwear
- 15.2.2 Apparel
- 15.2.3 Upholstery
- 15.2.4 Automotive
- 15.2.5 Others
- 15.3.1 Footwear
- 15.3.2 Automotive
- 15.3.3 Textiles
- 15.3.4 Leather
- 15.4.1 Chemical-based
- 15.4.2 Enzyme-based
- 15.5.1 OEM
- 15.5.2 Retailers
- 15.5.3 Direct Sales.
- 15.6.1 Saudi Arabia
- 15.6.2 UAE
- 15.6.3 South Africa
- 15.6.4 Egypt
- 15.6.5 Israel
- 15.6.6 Rest of Middle East and Africa
15.8 Regional Trends Analysis
15.9 Middle East & Africa Global Leather Chemicals Market Research Report - Company Profiles- 15.9.1 Company 1 (Saudi Arabia)
- 15.9.2 Company 2 (UAE)
- 15.9.3 Company 3 (UAE)
- 16.1 Strategic Dashboard of Top Market Players
16.2 Company Profiles (Introduction, Financial Assessments, Portfolio of Offerings, Milestones and Achievements, Strategic Initiative, and SWOT Analysis)- 16.2.1 BASF SE
- 16.2.2 Lanxess AG
- 16.2.3 Stahl Holdings B.V.
- 16.2.4 TFL Ledertechnik GmbH & Co. KG
- 16.2.5 Clariant International Ltd.
18. Principal Presumptions and Acronyms